Core Elements:
Last name, then comma, and then first and middle initials with a space between said initials. Put an ampersand (i.e., &) before the very last author's name.
Example:
Molina, J. R., Wilkinson, S., Spalding, E. E., Lu, K., & Sumney, M. F.
Core Elements:
List the first nineteen authors followed by an ellipsis (i.e., ...) and finish with the final author's name (don't use an ampersand).
Example:
Ndegeocello, M., Knowles, S. P., Stevens, S., Nascimento, M., Duplaix, V., Haughton, A. D., Cunningham, D. J., Kraft, S., Marshall, A., Russell, C. A., Gibbons, W., Smooth, C. L., Ciani, S., Fujimoto, Y., Coltrane, A. M., Tengo, Y. T., Greffel, N., Oh, L. M. H., Shashidhar, S., ... Eno, B.
Core Elements:
For a corporation, university, or any organization that takes authorship responsibility, simply list their name in full. Unless they're a government agency with multiple layers of other agencies and/or departments, instead list only the most specific agency or department.
Examples:
American Red Cross
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
National Institute of Nursing Research
Core Elements:
Begin the citation with the title of the resource.
Example:
Could you be a pizza addict? (2015, November 9). Modern Healthcare, 45(45), 40.
For journals and books, include year only. For all other sources, include as specific a date as possible.
Core Elements:
(Year)
(Year, Month)
(Year, Month Day)
(Year, Season)
Examples:
(2017)
(2020, February)
(2016, November 29)
(2019, Spring/Summer)
Core Elements:
(n.d.)
Example:
The History Teaching Institute. (n.d.). Loyalists and loyalism in the American Revolution. The History Teaching Institute @ The Ohio State University. https://hti.osu.edu/history-lesson-plans/united-states-history/loyalists
Core Elements:
Type article titles in lowercase except the first letter of the first word, proper nouns (e.g., China, Abraham Lincoln), and the very first letter following a colon (i.e., the start of a subtitle).
Examples:
Cognition and the assessment of interaction episodes in jazz improvisation
Gaming behavior and addiction among Hong Kong adolescents
Out in the classroom: Transgender student experiences at a large public university
Core Elements:
Type journal, magazine, and newspaper titles in title case (the first letter of each word is capitalized--except for conjunctions, articles, and prepositions that are not the first words in either the title and/or subtitle) and italicize them.
Examples:
The New England Journal of Medicine
Music and the Moving Image
Queer Studies in Media & Pop Culture
Core Elements:
Type book titles in lower case except the first word, the first word after a colon, and proper nouns. Also, italicize them (with the exception of any parenthetical indication of a revised edition).
Examples:
Black women in sequence: Re-inking comics, graphic novels, and anime
The new Harvard guide to women's health
The international handbook of suicide prevention (2nd ed.)
Core Elements:
Italicize the volume number of journals or magazines. Do not italicize the issue number; put it in parenthesis. There is no space between them.
Example:
Queer Studies in Media & Pop Culture, 1(3)
Core Elements:
Unlike in-text and parenthetical citations, do not preface page numbers with a p. for single pages or pp. for a page range--simply list the page numbers.
Examples:
101
78-83
DOIs, when available, should always be included. Put "https://doi.org/" before a DOI.
Names of databases should only be included, along with URLs, for resources that are published exclusively within a database (e.g., overview articles from Gale in Context: Opposing Viewpoints).